WH+Unit+5+Part+1

=PART ONE - THE GROWTH OF INDUSTRIAL PROSPERITY =

Define: generator: a thing that generates something, in particular
 * Vocabulary**

transform: make a thorough or dramatic change in the form, appearance, or character of assembly line: a series of workers and machines in a factory by which a succession ofidentical items is progressively assembled mass production: produce large quantities of emerge: move out of or away from something and come into view proletariat: workers or working-class people, regarded collectively dictatorship: government by a dictator revisionist: a policy of revision or modification, esp. of Marxism on evolutionarysocialist

People **Identify:**
 * Thomas Edison: (February 11, 1847 – October 18, 1931) He was an American inventor, scientist, and businessman who developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and a long-lasting, practical electric light bulb. He was one of the first inventors to apply the principles of mass production and large teamwork to the process of invention, and therefore is often credited with the creation of the first industrial research laboratory.**
 * Alexander Graham Bell: (March 3, 1847 – August 2, 1922) was an eminent scientist, inventor, engineer and innovator who is credited with inventing the first practical telephone. Bell's father, grandfather, and brother had all been associated with work on elocution and speech, and both his mother and wife were deaf, profoundly influencing Bell's life's work. His research on hearing and speech further led him to experiment with hearing devices which eventually culminated in Bell being awarded the first U.S. patent for the telephone in 1876. In retrospect, Bell considered his most famous invention an intrusion on his real work as a scientist and refused to have a telephone in his study.**
 * Guglielmo Marconi: (25 April 1874– 20 July 1937) was an Italian inventor, known for his development of Marconi's law and a radio telegraph system, which served as the foundation for the establishment of numerous affiliated companies worldwide. He shared the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physics with Karl Ferdinand Braun "in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy" and was ennobled in 1924 as Marchese Marconi.**
 * Karl Marx: (May 5, 1818 – March 14, 1883) was a German philosopher, political economist, historian, political theorist, sociologist, and communist revolutionary, whose ideas played a significant role in the development of modern communism and socialism. Marx summarized his approach in the first line of chapter one of The Communist Manifesto, published in 1848: "The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles." Marx argued that capitalism, like previous socioeconomic systems, would inevitably produce internal tensions which would lead to its destruction. Just as capitalism replaced feudalism, he believed socialism would, in its turn, replace capitalism, and lead to a stateless, classless society called pure communism.**



QUESTIONS 1. What commodities were a part of the Second Industrial Revolution? STEEL, CHEMICALS, ELECTRICITY, AND PETROLEUM 2. Name one major industrial change between 1870 and 1914. GENERATORS 3. Electricity could be converted into what other forms of energy? HEAT, LIGHT AND MOTION 4. Why could Europeans afford to buy more consumer products? MASS MARKET AND THEIR WAGES WERE RAISED. 5. Which part of Europe remained largely agricultural and little industrialized? SOUTHERN ITALY, SPAIN, PORTUGAL, THE BALKANS, RUSSIA, AND MOST OF AUSTRIA- HUNGARY 6. What two types of transportation contributed to the advancement of a true world economy? STEAMSHIP AND RAILROAD. 7. Who wrote The Communist Manifesto? KARL MARX 8. According to Karl Marx, what two groups of society would grow more and more hostile toward one another? THE WORKERS AND THE CAPITALISTS 9. What did the German Social Democratic Party become in 1912? 10. What did pure Marxists believe about capitalism? THAT ONLY A VIOLENT REVOLUTION COULD DEFEAT IT. 11. Why would workers organize in a labor union? TO IMPROVE THEIR CONDITIONS.