WH+Unit+4+Part+1

dynamic: (of a process or system) characterized by constant change, activity, or progress // : a dynamic economy.// enclosure movement: During the Industrial Revolution, it was the consolidation of many small farms into one large farm, which created a labor force as many people lost their homes. capital: (  also capital city or town ) the most important city or town of a country or region, usually its seat of government and administrative center. entrepreneur: a person who organizes and operates a business or businesses, taking on greater than normal financial risks in order to do so.
 * Vocabulary**
 * Define:**

a promoter in the entertainment industry. cottage industry: a business or manufacturing activity carried on in a person's home. puddling: a small pool of liquid, esp. of rainwater on the ground // : splashingthrough deep puddles//  | figurative //a little puddle of light.//

clay and sand mixed with water and used as a watertight covering for embankments.

migrate: move from one area or country to settle in another, esp. in search of work // : rural populations have// migrated to //urban// industrial capitalism: The rise of industrial capitalism is an era important to the development of a modern system of public and private social welfare and social work. Subsistence and barter systems decreased as people entered the labour market in order to survive. socialism: ** a political and economic theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole. **

James Watt: (19 January 1736 – 25 August 1819) was a Scottish inventor and mechanical engineer whose improvements to the Newcomen steam engine were fundamental to the changes brought by the Industrial Revolution in both the Kingdom of Great Britain and the world. While working as an instrument maker at the University of Glasgow, Watt became interested in the technology of steam engines. He realised that contemporary engine designs wasted a great deal of energy by repeatedly cooling and re-heating the cylinder. Watt introduced a design enhancement, the separate condenser, which avoided this waste of energy and radically improved the power, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of steam engines.
 * People and Events** Identify:

Robert Fulton: November 14, 1765 – February 24, 1815) was an American engineer and inventor who is widely credited with developing the first commercially successful steamboat. In 1800 he was commissioned by Napoleon Bonaparte to design the Nautilus, which was the first practical submarine in history. Fulton became interested in steamboats in 1777 when he visited William Henry of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, who had earlier learned about James Watt's steam engine on a visit to England. Robert Fulton died from exposure in 1815.



=When and where did the Industrial Revolution begin?= =// **The Industrial Revolution began** // in Great Britain during the 1780s. = = = =What six factors contributed to the start of the Industrial Revolution?=
 * QUESTIONS **

=The technology incentive, and money to build machines; a labor force to run them; raw materials and markets to make the system profitable; and efficient farms to feed a new group of workers. = = = =What four inventions advanced the production of cotton cloth?=

Flying Shuttle, Spinning Jenny, Water powered loom, & the steam engine. = = =What effect did the steam engine have on the coal and iron industry?= Because steam engines were fired by coal, they did not need to be located near rivers. Before long, cotton mills powered by steam engines were found all over Britain. British cotton cloth production increased dramatically. = = =What was the Rocket?= = = The first steam-powered locomotive that ran on an industrial rail line. It pulled 10 tons (9 t) of ore and 70 people at 5 miles per hour (8.05 km per hour). Better locomotives followed. = = =Why did factories begin to require workers to work in shifts?=

To keep the machine going.
= = = = =What three countries were the first to be industrialized in continental Europe?=

England, Germany, and France.
= = =What happened in 1853 that showed Japan the importance of industrial power?= = They saw the steam powered ship in their harbor. = = = = = =What change took place in the American labor force between 1800 and 1860?= The population grew alot.

= = =What two classes of people emerged in the European society of the Industrial Revolution?= Industrial middle-class and industrial working class.