Wh+Unit+4+Part+2

conservatism: a person who is averse to change and holds to traditional values and attitudes, typically in relation to politics. stability: that state of being stable; firmness, solidity, steadiness, strength, security, safety. beneficial: favorable or advantageous; resulting in good principle of intervention: Eventually, the great powers adopted a principle of intervention, which gave them the right to send armies into countries where there were revolutions in order to restore legitimate monarchs to their thrones. liberalism: is the belief in the importance of individual liberty and equal rights universal male suffrage: Whereby male electorate have the legitimacy to cast their vote during a election. It was like a system manifested in Ancient Athens as only male (middle class male) had the authority to meet in anthen and cast their votes. multinational state: is a sovereign state which is viewed as comprising two or more nations.
 * Vocabulary** Define:

Congress of Vienna: was a conference of ambassadors of European states chaired by Klemens Wenzel von Metternich, and held in Vienna from September, 1814 to June, 1815.Its objective was to settle the many issues arising from the French Revolutionary Wars, the Napoleonic Wars, and the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire. This objective resulted in the redrawing of the continent's political map, establishing the boundaries of France, Napoleon's duchy of Warsaw, etc.
 * People and Events** Identify:

Klemens von Metternich: (15 May 1773 – 11 June 1859) was a German-Austrian politician and statesman. He was one of the most important diplomats of his era. He was a major figure in the negotiations before and during the Congress of Vienna and is considered both a paragon of foreign-policy management and a major figure in the development of diplomatic praxis. He was the archetypal practitioner of 19th-century diplomatic realism, being deeply rooted in the postulates of the balance of power.

Bill of Rights: is a list of the most important rights of the citizens of a country. The purpose of these bills is to protect those rights against infringement by the government. The term "bill of rights" originates from England, where it referred to the Bill of Rights 1689. Bills of rights may be entrenched or unentrenched. An entrenched bill of rights cannot be modified or repealed by a country's legislature through normal procedure, instead requiring a supermajority or referendum; often it is part of a country's constitution and therefore subject to special procedures applicable to constitutional amendments

Louis-Napoleon: (20 April 1808 – 9 January 1873) was the President of the French Second Republic and as Napoleon III, the ruler of the Second French Empire. He was the nephew and heir of Napoleon I, christened as Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte. Elected President by popular vote in 1848, he initiated a coup d'état in 1851, becoming dictator before ascending the throne as Napoleon III on 2 December 1852, the forty-eighth anniversary of Napoleon I's coronation. He ruled as Emperor of the French until 4 September 1870. He holds the unusual distinction of being both the first titular president and the last monarch of France.

German Confederation: was the association of Central European states created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to serve as the successor to the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation, which had been abolished in 1806. In 1848, revolutions by liberals and nationalists occurred in an attempt to establish a unified German state. Talks between the German states failed in 1848, and the confederation briefly dissolved but was re-established in 1850.




 * QUESTIONS **

After the defeat of (1) ** NAPOLEON **, European rulers moved to restore the old order with (2) ** GREAT BRITAIN **, (3) ** AUSTRIA **, (4) ** RUSSIA **, and (5)
 * PRUSIA ** in power. This goal was addressed at the Congress of (6) ** VIENNA ** in September 1814.

The arrangements made at this Congress were a victory for rulers who wanted to contain the new forces unleashed during the (7)
 * INDUSTRIAL ** Revolution. Their political philosophy, based on tradition and social stability, is known as (8) CONSERVATISM . The great powers assumed the right of intervention whereby they could send armies into countries where there were revolutions in order to keep (9)
 * THE GREAT POWERS ** in power.

Liberals believed in the protection of (10) ** CIVIL ** liberties, or the basic rights of all people. Most liberals favored a (11) ** LIMITED ** monarchy in which a king must follow the law. They thought that the right to vote should be open only to people with (12) ** PROPERTY **. These attitudes were (13) ** MIDDLE-CLASS ** attitudes.

(14) ** NATIONALISM ** in the nineteenth century arose out of people’s awareness of being part of a community with common institutions. People with a common language and traditions began to feel that they were the (15) ** NATION **. (16) ** CONSERVATIVES ** feared the implications of such thinking and fought the forces of nationalism.

Nationalistic/liberal thinking led to (17) ** CONSERVATISM ** in the countries of Europe. The (18) ** CONSERVATISM ** of France was finally overthrown in 1848. Cries for change led many German rulers to promise (19) ** CONSTITUTIONS **, a free press, and jury trials. In Vienna, Austria, revolutionary forces took control of the (20) ** LIBERAL **and demanded a liberal constitution. Soon, however, the united front of moderate liberals and more radical nationalists throughout Europe was weakened by disagreements over their goals, and so (21) ** CONSERVATIVES ** forces were able to regain control.