WH+Unit+3+Part+2

faction: a small, organized, dissenting group within a larger one, esp. in politics domestic: of or relating to the running of a home or to family relations external: belonging to or forming the outer surface or structure of something elector: a person who has the right to vote in an election.
 * Vocabulary Define:**
 * coup d’état: a sudden, violent, and illegal seizure of power from a government **

Georges Danton:(1759–1794) Initially an ally of Robespierre, he later revolted against the severity of the Revolutionary Tribunal and was executed on Robespierre's orders. was a leading figure in the early stages of the French Revolution and the first President of the Committee of Public Safety. Danton's role in the onset of the Revolution has been disputed; many historians describe him as "the chief force in the overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of the First French Republic" Jean-Paul Marat: (24 May 1743 – 13 July 1793) was a Swiss-born physician, political theorist, and scientist better known as a radical journalist and politician from the French Revolution. His journalism was renowned for its fiery character and uncompromising stance towards the new government, "enemies of the revolution" and basic reforms for the poorest members of society. Marat was one of the more extreme voices of the French Revolution and he became a vigorous defender of the Parisian sans-culottes; he broadcast his views through impassioned public speaking, essay writing, and newspaper journalism, which carried his message throughout France. Jacobins: (1789–1794)was the most famous political club of the French Revolution, so-named because of the Dominican convent where they met, located in the Rue St. Jacques (Latin: Jacobus), Paris. The club originated as the Club Benthorn, formed at Versailles from a group of Breton deputies attending the Estates General of 1789 At the height of its influence, there were thousands of chapters throughout France, with a membership estimated at 420,000. After the fall of Robespierre the club was closed. Committee of Public Safety: April 1793 created in April 1793 by the National Convention and then restructured in July 1793, formed the de facto executive government in France during the Reign of Terror (1793–1794), a stage of the French Revolution. It was set up to oversee the defence of the new republic against foreign attacks and internal rebellion. Under war conditions and with national survival seemingly at stake, the Jacobins, under Maximilien Robespierre, centralized denunciations, trials, and executions under the supervision of this committee of first nine and later twelve members. Maximilien Robespierre: ( 6 May 1758 – 28 July 1794) is one of the best-known and most influential figures of the French Revolution. He largely dominated the Committee of Public Safety and was instrumental in the period of the Revolution commonly known as the Reign of Terror, which ended with his arrest and execution in 1794. Reign of Terror: (27 June 1793 – 27 July 1794) also known as The Terror (French: la Terreur) was a period of violence that occurred for one year and one month after the onset of the French Revolution, incited by conflict between rival political factions, the Girondins and the Jacobins, and marked by mass executions of "enemies of the revolution." Estimates vary widely as to how many were killed, with numbers ranging from 16,000 to 40,000; in many cases, records were not kept or, if they were, they are considered likely to be inaccurate. the Directory: 2 November 1795 – 10 November 1799 was a body of five Directors that held executive power in France following the Convention and preceding the Consulate. The period of this regime (2 November 1795 until 10 November 1799), commonly known as the Directory (or Directoire) era, constitutes the second to last stage of the French Revolution.
 * Identify:**

**Questions:**
Friend of The People
 * 1 - What was the name of Marat's newspaper?**

National Convention
 * 2 - What group was supposed to draft a new constitution but also governed the country?**

The National Convention abolished monarchy and established a republic, The French Republic
 * 3 - What happened September 21 1792?**

Girondins & The Mountain
 * 4 - What were the two main factions in French politics**

When Louis XVI was executed the crowned
 * 5 - Describe the crisis of foreign affairs in 1792 and 1793**

Committee of Public Safety
 * 6 - Which group acted to protect France from "external" threats?**

40,000
 * 7 - How many people were killed during the revolution?**

Nantes
 * 8 - Which cities was made an example of?**

Citizen and Citizeness
 * 9 - What terms replaced "mister" and "madame"?**

They tried to control prices of food, fuel and clothing.
 * 1****0 - What were some steps taken to control inflation?**

the convention believed that the Catholic church encouraged superstition. adoption of a new calendar
 * 11 - Describe de-Christinization and what were some of the steps taken?**

France was over-whelmingly Catholic
 * 12 - Why did de-Christinization fail?**


 * 13 - What document was issued August 23, 1793**

 A degree for national mobilization.


 * 14 - what was the difference between the French Revolutionary Army and other armies?**

 It was created by a people government


 * **15 - What happened July 28, 1794 and why?** **

 The deputies won enough votes to condemn Robespierre and he was killed on the Guillotine

**16 - When "the Terror" ended what steps did the National Convention take?**

It restricted the power of the committee of public safety, the churches were allowed to reopen, and a new constitution was created.


 * 17 - How many people were eligible to elect the directory?**

30,000

**18 - What were two challenges the Directory faced**

Known for corruption and loaned the government money with high interest rates

They began to rely on the military
 * 19 - What did the Directory do in an effort to stay in power**

** Because they faced massive challenges **
 * 20 - Why was the government of the Directory unpopular?**